Alfred Vogel was a strong advocate of the benefits of fir trees shoots, encouraging walkers to chew on them for their beneficial effects. In line with his principle of maintaining a thriving, sustainable source for our herbs these lozenges are created from the shoots from the lower branches of our Norway Spruce trees (Picea abies) so as not to limit their grow Ingredients: Each lozenge of 2.3g contains sugar glucose syrup honey pear concentrate spruce shoot extract (Norwegian pine) 83mg malt extract pine oil peppermint oil menthanol. Directions for Use: Use as required.